African american doctors in houston

The move from exclusion to segregation in hospital care.

Hospitals, dispensaries, and other health care facilities were established in the larger cities, especially in the south.

Establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau and its medical division.

Black physicians saw black hospitals as a larger part of a general movement to improve the social standing of colored society.

The lack of hospitals for Blacks contributed to the poor health status of the colored community.

To offset the inequities with respect to health care facilities and practices.

African Americans (doctors and patients) were excluded from most hospitals.

A place for Black physicians to treat patients and improve skills through lectures, workshops, and training sessions.